Bullseye (1941)

Aku Karpala (Aku Korhonen) is a super-efficient, polyglot concierge at the high-end Hotel Lyx, who prides himself on always making his customers’ stays go perfectly. He is just preparing for a holiday of his own, when he is approached by “Birgit Gyllencrantz” (Ansa Ikonen), who claims to be a wealthy heiress in need of a chaperone. Birgit is in the market for a husband, but having been raised as an orphan by prim aunts in Porvoo, she confesses to being clueless about the world. It would really help if Aku could come along with, pose as her father, and vet any potential suitors in order to filter out the gold-diggers.

Setting aside for a moment, the truth apparently universally acknowledged that potential suitors will throw themselves at Ansa Ikonen, as if shot out of a cannon, the moment she walks into a room, the pair set out, missing the bus and hitching a lift in the open-top car of the dashing Klaus Lang (Turo Kartto), to whom the giddy Birgit takes an immediate shine.

At the Honkaharju hotel, Aku takes his chaperoning far more seriously than Birgit expected, leading her and Klaus to give him the slip so they can canoodle in private. This rather foils Aku’s plan, as he thinks he has found the perfect match for Birgit in the form of the good-hearted Erkki (Joel Rinne), an engineer.

In fact, Klaus really is a gold-digger, and is only after Birgit’s money, a fact he confesses to his real girlfriend, Mirja (Sylvi Palo), within earshot of the scandalised Aku. But Aku himself has to think fast, when he realises that a fellow guest at the hotel is none other than the formidable Mrs Andersson (Siiri Angerkoski) a gruff widow and regular at the Hotel Lyx, who always makes his life a misery, and will be sure to see through his disguise. She is sure that she knows him from somewhere, but can’t quite place him, leading her to be far kinder to him than usual, and culminating in the couple going off for a romantic ride on a one-horse open sleigh.

After a series of confrontations, Birgit checks out of the hotel after paying Aku’s bill, and on the advice of an angry Klaus, Aku returns home and looks through the 9th January issue of the newspaper Uusi Suomi. There, he finds a report of a Porvoo typist, Pirkko Kyllinen, who has become a millionaire after winning the national lottery. Realising that Birgit has been Pirkko all along, Aku tracks her down, brings her to Helsinki, and arranges a reunion with Erkki, who always wanted a normal girl, but common to Finnish farces, is super-pleased that he has also lucked into one that’s now filthy rich.

A closing coda finds a conspicuously flirty Widow Andersson checking back into the Hotel Lyx, and making it known to Aku that she would like to have dinner with him – it’s not like the pair of them haven’t proved to be made for each other in numerous previous films, including Lapatossu, The Heath Cobblers, and SF Parade. Maybe it would be a good time for Aku to lose his ridiculous Hitler moustache, which is one of the items that really dates this film.

The newspapers in Helsinki and Tampere thought that the film was fresh and fun, gently avoiding any mention of the damage done to it in post-production by the onset of the Continuation War, which cost it a composer lost to the draft. The fact that WW2 was underway already during filming supplies one of the film’s little asides, as Aku finds himself serving a British customer and a German customer at the same time, and wisecracks: “Auch wir Finnen können doch bisweilen Diplomaten sein!” [We Finns can sometimes be diplomats, too!] in one of the multiple languages he is seen to speak on screen. Wartime austerity features in the script itself, in the form of a bus that runs on wood chippings, and multiple references to ration books and a song about the Public Welfare Board. It also has some lovely little touches, not the least a cameo by the strikingly beautiful Maj-Len Helin, a multiple champion figure skater who adds a touch of mini-skirted pizzazz to scenes at the ice rink – why on Earth was this her only film…?

In general, the critics seemed to agree that many involved in the film were entirely blameless, including the ever-reliable Aku Korhonen in the leading role – I particularly enjoyed his fussy inability to be a guest at the Hotel Honkaharju, constantly micro-correcting potted plants and foyer arrangements as any good concierge would. Nor did the critics single out Suomen Filmiteollisuus’ first-time director, the former documentarian Hannu Leminen. Instead, any brickbats were aimed firmly at the script itself, which had been written by actor Turo Kartto, who also played Klaus, and claimed to have based his story on an unidentified French farce. Toini Aaltonen in Suomen Sosialidemokratti, always one to note the money-grubbing nature of so many Finnish comedies, found that Kartto’s script failed to “surprise the viewer with any surprises or unique flashes of thought.” You would think that Uusi Suomi, after being a plot point on the film itself, would be a soft touch in the reviews, but far from it. Instead, it made an inevitable joke based on the Finnish title Täysosuma: “Bullseye fails to hit the bullseye,” wrote the paper’s reviewer MV. “It’s not that it went to the side of the goal or over it, but it never even reached it. It’s just too slow.”

In fact, the film contained several technical innovations that largely passed the general viewer by, including a stuntman standing in for Korhonen in skiing scenes, and new recording equipment that led director Leminen to indulge some of the cast’s improvisations and interjections, adding to a naturalistic feel to the dialogue and several charming moments in which off-the-cuff ad-libs are left in the final cut. At one point, Korhonen even seems to break the fourth wall, staring directly into the camera as he laments his fate. An original approach to graphics characterised the opening titles, with credits depicted as scattered labels on suitcases, and the actors introduced with full-screen portraits. And for some reason, there is a dance interlude later in the film which is supposed to be a ballet about snowmen, but comes across as ridiculously creepy, and looks on occasion like xenomorphic eggs from Alien about to leap out and hug your face.

There was also a remarkable amount of location footage of the cast larking about in the snow – a welcome change from the many Finnish farces that bear the legacy production values of a single set in a theatre. If anything risked defeating the production it was the unseasonably warm weather in Kulosaari, which melted all the snow, requiring the production staff to bring more in by the truckful to complete their shots of a supposed winter wonderland.

Jonathan Clements is the author of A Short History of Finland. He is watching all the Finnish films, so you don’t have to.

Grace Rosa

Grace Rosa is an assassin, driven by a single thing: discovering the secret of her adoptive father’s disappearance. He trained her to become a lethal killing machine, able to wield any weapon she can get her hands on, before inducting her into the ranks of the shadowy organisation known as Alterna. But could the very people she serves as a hired gun have something to do with him vanishing? And to what lengths will she go to enact her vengeance on the people who have wronged her?

Out now from Titan, “volume one” (I am not sure there was ever a volume two) of Himuro’s manga Grace Rosa. Motoko Tamamuro and I worked on the shooty bang-bang English script, which is very John Wick meets Gunsmith Cats.

Godzilla vs Beyoncé

“I have transitioned into a new animal.”

No, not radiation. Not the struggles of war and the agonies of constant trauma, transforming into a rampaging, city-stomping beast. Because that would be the trailer for a Godzilla movie, and those words are spoken by Beyoncé Knowles in the advert for her concert movie Renaissance. And both of them are fighting for space on IMAX screens.

Takashi Yamazaki’s Godzilla Minus One is a stark reboot of the monster franchise, playing upon the idea that Japan in 1945 has already been reduced to “zero”, and that an attack by an unstoppable beast just makes everything so bad that we go into negative numbers. But whereas Minus One hit many cinemas outside Japan at the beginning of December, its UK release waited a critical couple of weeks, in a business decision that might end up benefiting absolutely everybody.

The UK has 52 IMAX screens, while Ireland has another two, with the majority of the screens being part of Cineworld/Odeon cinemas. That’s substantially less than the United States of America, where presumably Godzilla Minus One and Renaissance would be able to jostle for audience attention without wrecking the theatres.

I put the question to Anna Francis at Minus One’s UK distributor, Anime Limited, who conceded that Beyoncé’s Renaissance had already been booked into a number of IMAX screens before Godzilla began clambering out of the sea to smash stuff. But Beyoncé, she states, “was only part of the picture… the main reason was that we wanted to avoid the busier film period at the start of December.”

So, it’s not that the King of Monsters was scared of going head-to-head with Queen Bey, more like the presence of multiple distractions as the holiday season got going. Instead, Minus One got its UK release on 15th December, gaining a fortnight’s respite before yet another monster blockbuster landed in cinemas on Boxing Day: Hayao Miyazaki’s The Boy and the Heron.

But wait a minute, Minus One dropped on 1st December not just in the USA, but also in Canada, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Australia, New Zealand and even Belgium. Could it be that all those places were confident there was no cross-over, whereas British audiences demonstrated an equal love for both the Big G and the Big B that had to be accommodated? At least they are spared a Barbenheimer decision…

Jonathan Clements is the author of Anime: A History. This article first appeared in NEO #237, 2024.

Cross Borders

“The ability to buy into the ‘ownership’ of a new anime while it is being made can save a canny investor hundreds of thousands of dollars at the distribution end.”

Over at Variety, Mark Schilling interviews me about the pitfalls of international animation co-productions between Japan and other Asian countries — a good chance for me to quote from the China chapter added to the second edition of my Anime: A History.

Man of Bronze

Up at 0630 for the two-hour drive around the lake to the village where Yang Shaohua has his gallery and workshop. I blunder in late, thanks to having the wrong address, and find him holding court around a posh tea table, chuffing on a water pipe like a giant bronze bong.

Mr Yang is handsome and charming, knowledgeable and talented. I know that sounds like me buttering up some Party bigwig, but he knows the bronze-casting process so well that he can give a ten-minute speech in answer to a simple question about how it’s done. He knows everything from the chemical formulae to the metallurgy mix, and he doesn’t just cast the bronze, but carves the models and draws the original concept artwork. He is also a great host, faffing with his tea paraphernalia while the crew smokes fags in his gallery, so much so, that we seem to lose over an hour during the day to tea.

Mr Yang is responsible for a lot of the statues I have marvelled at in Chinese public spaces, including the giant golden phoenix in front of the Yunnan Provincial Museum. He tells me about the three-metre Mother of Dragons he made for a temple to the Baiyi people’s famous rain goddess, and his biggest-ever Buddha, a ten-metre effigy for a temple somewhere. At the moment, he is working on soldiers for the Songshan military memorial, although when he leads me into the modelling room, I am surprised to find four life-sized clay men standing to attention in puttees, pith helmets and Hitler moustaches.

“They are Japanese devils,” he explains. “They get a lot of Japanese tourists there, so I suppose it does no harm to give them something to take a selfie with.” The Japanese soldiers all have real shoelaces and stitching, because it’s easier to do that and let the wax mould take an impression from the real thing, than it is to painstakingly carve them.

Since he is an official Intangible National Treasure, the Propaganda Bureau are all over this one like a rash. A beaming woman in clacking heels keeps ruining the sound recording, while her minion with a clicky camera keeps wandering into the background of every shot.

“A cameraman,” mutters our director, “of all people, should know not to ruin someone else’s shot.” She is particularly annoyed because Propaganda are insisting on “entertaining” us at a lunch banquet, which gives us only an hour to shoot our interview before we are dragged off to a restaurant with eleven other people, and forced to make small talk with a bunch of local officials only there for the free boondoggle, who manage to piss me off from the get-go by asking me if I can use chopsticks.

Bearing in mind that I had walked into the room, introduced myself in Mandarin, and embarked upon a conversation about Bronze Age culture in south-west China, I think my “of course” was an object lesson in tact. The last thing I want is chili fish-head soup for lunch, and the last thing our director needs is an hour ripped out of her shooting schedule a mere hour after we started.

Mr Yang, in the meantime, is having a whale of a time talking to us about his work, which often involves reproductions of Dian Kingdom artefacts. The museum people, in fact, have so much trust in him that they have let him digitally scan all the Dian Kingdom finds, and he does a roaring trade in replicas of the Famous (not that famous) Cow and Tiger Table.

He warms to me right away when I correctly identify a taotie totem beast on a replica Shang cauldron, and immediately ask him if a stylised goat was made for Yuexiu park in Guangzhou. I am, in fact, able to tell him that I have seen several of his statues in various parts of China.

“Do you need a bronze bust of yourself?” he asks. “I can knock one up for £3,000.”

No, I say. Nobody is interested in seeing my bust.

It’s not the easiest of days, because shooting in a foundry next to a building site is a non-stop cacophony that plays havoc with the sound. Nor do we have footage of several parts of the process, including the all-important molten bronze bit – we are trusting Mr Yang to send us something shot with his phone. It doesn’t help that the gallery has three mangy guard dogs who have industriously shat everywhere. But Mr Yang shows me how to pour wax into the mould to make my very own Famous (not that famous) Cow and Tiger Table.

The wax is then wrapped in clay, and the clay mould thus formed is heated until the wax flows away, leaving space for the molten bronze.

“Of course,” he says, “back in the old times they used beeswax, but these days we use the industrial variety.”

The word for honey in Old Chinese is an Indo-European import, mjit (as in mead), implying that honey husbandry, like chariots, is something that came into China with foreign settlers sometime in the Bronze Age. And that means that the Bronze Age itself could also very likely have been something imposed on the Chinese by foreign invaders – mysterious elites like those Dian warriors.

“Oh, I’m not surprised,” says Clicky the Cameraman from Propaganda, as we sit around the tea table for yet another break. “I mean, there’s a whole foreign city under the water of the lake here. They found it when they were laying cables for the power plant, and the government banned anyone from investigating further.”

The underwater city in Fuxian Lake was supposedly carbon-dated to 250 BC, around the time of the Dian Kingdom, but our director refuses to believe it. She suspects that the whole thing was a hoax thought up by local students to promote tourism in the region. “Not really,” claims Clicky from Propaganda. “The reason there hasn’t been any news about it since 2007 is that we’ve put a blanket ban on talking about it.”

Mr Yang doesn’t want us to leave. He lures us back to the tea table for another cup, and then points out that because we have a two-hour drive home and it’s already six, we might as well stay in town for dinner.

“I know of a lovely place nearby that does traditional peasant food,” he promises. It’s only when we are standing outside that he proudly announces: “The specialties are fish-head soup and tripe.”

Jonathan Clements is the author of A Brief History of China. These events featured in Route Awakening S05E03 (2019).

The Mystery of Totoro

Jonathan Clements var ikke helt så tweedklædt og stiff upper lip en brite, som jeg havde forestillet mig. Han var tværtimod en utroligt imødekommende herre i T-shirt og med gråt strithår. [“Jonathan Clements was not quite as tweed-clad and stiff-upper-lip a Brit as I had imagined. On the contrary, he was an incredibly welcoming gentleman in a T-shirt and with gray stubble.”]

This is why you should always dress up for Zoom conferences. Over at Zetland, I discuss Hayao Miyazaki and Pippi Longstocking, as part of Marie Carsten Pedersen’s beautiful article about what Totoro means to her. Well worth a read (and a listen), even if you need Google Translate to navigate the Danish.

Braidhead Caitiffs

A weeping young emperor is escorted to his palanquin by a stern-faced warlord, on the grounds that there are “bandits everywhere.” The warlord in question has already burned another prince alive, and the “bandits” are his own, sinister men.

For two hundred years from the fourth to the sixth century AD, northern China was over-run by a group of nomads. Much like many others in Chinese history, they leeched off the locals, established themselves as the new aristocracy, and soon began to squabble about whether to hang onto their “barbarian” ways or go completely native. By the end of their reign, they had moved in to the former capital of the Eastern Han dynasty, filling it with newfangled Buddhist temples and statuary. Their “Northern Wei” dynasty, in only ruling part of China, is one of those that are often edged out of histories, despite its idiosyncratic and original works of art and culture, and its larger-than-life rulers, who stick out in Chinese museums like an alien invasion.

Dzyip-yip-ken, for example, the “crimson lord” stands six feet six inches, with hair that trails on the ground. He’s by no means the weirdest character in Scott Pearce’s delightful new book, The Northern Wei: A New Form of Empire in East Asia.

A nomad ruler claims to be the son of a maiden who descended from heaven in a glowing chariot. Discredited nobles live in fear of being assigned to the Wuhuan, a “vanguard suicide unit” that defends the border. A war band gains a new leader when they sacrifice a horse to a dragon, and the fearsome beast transforms into a young boy.

Pearce is gleefully aware that his diligently referenced and entirely accurate account of the dynasty that ruled north China from 386 to 534 AD reads more like a fantasy novel, noting on one occasion that he is describing “a tableau that seems scripted for a B-movie.”

“The brutality,” Pearce writes, “the barbarism of this age is almost unspeakable.” A minister “solves” a refugee crisis by drowning 8,000 people. A court lady smuggles an infant crown prince out of a harem massacre by shoving him down her trousers. An emperor is driven mad by the Daoist potions he is drinking as an aphrodisiac. Another manages the remarkable feat of siring over a dozen sons on a dozen women before dying, presumably of exhaustion, at just 23. A fallen minister is taken to his place of execution in a caged carriage, and before he dies, is urinated on by an entire company of guardsmen.

The world Pearce describes is joyously alien, where people have names like Bjij, Xae-ljen and Jijlej of the Bulwukku. They called themselves the Taghbach, although the term, like all the others, was elided and sanitised by Chinese historians, turning them into the Tuoba. Spears trail “toad streamers”, and prospective empresses must demonstrate their ability to forge a golden statue. Baffled Chinese chroniclers attempt to make sense of spats, vendettas and blow-ups between the aristocracy, which often lapse into Taghbach slang, while the Taghbach themselves prey upon the people of northern China like a coterie of elegant vampires. The Northern Wei was a regime that turned China upside down, often scandalously privileging the role of women in its society. It was, notably, the era that gave us The Ballad of Mulan, and which began to establish the rise to prominence of women as leaders and political actors. Two centuries later, its legacy would turn into the backlash against the “transgressive typologies” of an era of women in power.

At the start of the era, the Taghbach are dismissive of Chinese ways. One scoffs: “Try putting on Han silks and then riding around on your horses through the brush and brambles.” But as the regime wears on, the “braidhead caitiffs” (as they were called by their southern enemies) are slowly assimilated into Chinese ways. They are lured into Chinese customs, take Chinese wives, and eventually, with their original capital at Datong creaking at the seams and unsustainably large, relocate off the steppes to Luoyang, the former capital of China.

On the way, they pack local culture with new and unusual differences, some of which would endure ever after. As attested to by their magnificent statues and carvings at Luoyang and Datong, they fervently embraced the foreign religion of Buddhism, (founding, for example, the Shaolin Monastery) jamming it so deep into Chinese culture that it never left. Pearce notes many other influences, including the increasing presence of women in social and political life. He points out that imagery of Han dynasty banqueting shows womenfolk peeking in from a balcony while the men enjoy themselves. By the Dark Ages, the ladies were dining in their own separate chamber. But it’s under the Northern Wei that women come to control the feast – overseeing the menu and the food, and even leading the diners in song.

As for the Northern Wei, it fizzles out in a cataclysm of bed-hoppings and stabbings, as the shadowy families behind the scenes fight to put one of their own on the throne in a time of climate crisis, interpreted by soothsayers as heavenly displeasure, manifesting in droughts, diseases and crop failures. Marital politics dominates the court, in a “complexity that is perhaps wearisome for the modern reader” writes Pearce, who is entirely sorry-not-sorry about a history book that ends with an Empress Dowager proclaiming that her hostile teenage son’s newborn daughter is really a boy, and therefore the new emperor… before grudgingly changing her mind.

It actually gets even crazier after that. For Pearce, this amounts to a book-length prologue to his 1987 Princeton doctoral thesis, The Yü-wen Regime in Sixth Century China – which outlines the even more bonkers rise and fall of the short-lived successor dynasty, the Northern Zhou, but that is another story…

“The city had been destroyed before,” he writes of the glorious Luoyang, “and would of course be destroyed again.”

Jonathan Clements is the author of A Brief History of China. The Northern Wei: A New Form of Empire in East Asia is published by Oxford University Press.

Tarako (1960-2024)

“I had a pretty tough life until I became popular with Maruko. I had so many part-time jobs, and even when I debuted as a voice actor, I was good at being poor, but… I was happy because my voice was similar to Momoko-chan’s.”

Over at All the Anime, I write the obituary for the actress singer-songwriter Tarako.